You should stand and salute during the performance of which of the following musical selections?

The appropriate moment to stand and salute occurs during the performance of "Hail to the Chief." This musical piece is traditionally played to honor the President of the United States. Saluting during this performance signifies respect and recognition of the office and the individual it represents. In uniform, military personnel are expected to stand, face the direction of the music, and render a salute as a sign of respect during this specific selection.

While "The Star-Spangled Banner" also calls for standing and saluting, typically, it is not one of the choices to acknowledge in the context of this specific question where the focus is on the appropriate actions during a specific ceremonial piece. "America the Beautiful" and "Taps," while significant, do not have the same formal saluting requirement associated with them, particularly in the tradition of honoring the presidency. Thus, "Hail to the Chief" is the correct choice for this context.