Which military operation involved coalition forces against Iraq in 1991?

The military operation that involved coalition forces against Iraq in 1991 is called Operation Desert Storm. This operation was conducted in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990. Following the buildup of coalition forces, primarily U.S. and allied troops, in the Persian Gulf region, Operation Desert Storm commenced on January 17, 1991, with a massive aerial bombardment aimed at disabling Iraqi ground forces and military infrastructure.

This operation is particularly notable for its rapid and effective military strategy, which included a combination of air superiority campaigns and ground assaults, ultimately leading to the liberation of Kuwait by February 28, 1991. The coordinated efforts of various nations within the coalition marked a significant moment in modern military history, showcasing coalition warfare and the extensive use of advanced technology.

The other operations mentioned are unrelated to the direct conflict with Iraq in 1991. Operation Restore Hope was a humanitarian mission in Somalia during the early 1990s, Operation Desert Shield was primarily focused on the buildup of forces prior to the combat phase of Operation Desert Storm, and Operation Enduring Freedom refers to the U.S. military operations in Afghanistan post-9/11, which is outside the scope of the 1991 conflict with Iraq.